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Exposure to phthalates during pregnancy can affect a newborn’s brain development, study finds [url=https://investment-otzyv.ru/life-is-good-razvod/]после анального секса[/url] Phthalates — the synthetic chemicals used in everyday products for food packaging, personal care, toys and more — have been linked to abnormal neurological development in infants. Now, scientists may have discovered a biological pathway for how this phenomenon could occur. Researchers found that in utero exposure to phthalates is linked with altered metabolism of neurotransmitters and amino acids involved in brain maturation, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature Communications. The report is the first to use untargeted metabolomics — the study of all small molecules or metabolites in a biological system — to connect a mother’s phthalate exposure to a newborn’s metabolites, and those metabolites to neurological development, said senior study author Dr. Donghai Liang via email. “This represents an important step forward in understanding how prenatal chemical exposures shape infant development at the molecular level,” added Liang, an associate professor of environmental health at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health in Atlanta. First introduced in the 1920s, phthalates are used to make plastics softer and more flexible, primarily in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products such as vinyl flooring, medical devices, children’s toys, food packaging or shower curtains. The chemicals also help lubricate substances and carry fragrances in various personal care products including deodorant; nail polish; perfumes; hair gels, sprays or shampoos; soaps; and body lotions. Phthalates are also endocrine disruptors that have been linked to preterm birth, infant genital abnormalities, childhood obesity, asthma, cancer, cardiovascular issues, and low sperm count and testosterone in men. “We conducted this study because phthalates are everywhere in our daily lives,” Liang said, hence their nickname “everywhere chemicals.” Harming infant health The findings are based on mother-newborn pairs enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort between 2016 and 2018. In urine samples collected from 216 mothers between eight weeks and 14 weeks of gestation at visit one and 145 participants between 24 and 30 weeks’ gestation at visit two, the authors measured eight phthalate metabolites. Participants were around age 24 on average, and their levels of some phthalate metabolites were higher than the average determined by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Within a day or two of birth, the authors collected the babies’ blood via a heel stick. The team found prenatal phthalate levels were associated with lower levels of tyrosine, an amino acid and precursor to the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Thyroxine was also abnormally low in those with in utero phthalate exposure, and low thyroxine has been previously associated with greater vulnerability to illness and neurodevelopmental issues in newborns, the authors said. Tyrosine is also a precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, all of which partly contribute to the body’s fight-or-flight response. Low levels of these neurotransmitters can lead to various problems, including anxiety, depression and trouble focusing. Prenatal phthalate exposure was also linked with lower levels of the essential amino acid tryptophan, which converts into 5-hydroxytryptophan (or 5-HTP), which then turns into serotonin. Both 5-HTP and serotonin were also low. Serotonin has several critical roles in the body, including mood regulation, sleep, learning, memory, digestion and the body’s response to stress. Previous research has linked low serotonin with mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, sleep problems, and digestive issues.

Why a Posters Store is Your Hidden Gem for Home Decor Craving a quick and creative design refresh? Start with a posters store and watch your room come alive. These stores are packed with ready-to-frame art that suits every personality and budget. What Exactly is a Posters Store? A posters store is a specialized shop that offers printed visuals in different themes and sizes. These can range from cinematic posters and motivational quotes to abstract art and vintage maps. You can walk in or browse online and come out with an entire gallery wall worth of inspiration. The Growing Popularity of the Posters Store There’s a reason posters stores are becoming the go-to for decorators, students, and first-time homeowners. Affordable Style: You can deck out an entire room for the price of one canvas print. Variety at Your Fingertips: Posters stores constantly update collections to stay on trend. Style That Speaks: Posters let you tell your story visually. Tips for Shopping at a Posters Store Like a Pro Know Your Space – Think ahead: vertical or horizontal? One large print or a collage set? Choose a Theme or Color Scheme – Match with your existing décor or build a color story from scratch. Don’t Forget the Frame – Some posters stores offer matching frames—grab one for a polished look. Explore Limited Editions – These are great if you want something less common. Top Poster Categories in Today’s Posters Stores Motivational Quotes – Clean fonts, bold statements, perfect for workspaces. Movie &amp; Music Posters – Celebrate your favorite films and artists with iconic prints. Nature &amp; Landscape Prints – Soothing visuals for any room. Abstract &amp; Minimalist Art – Clean lines, subtle tones—ideal for modern interiors. Pop Art &amp; Retro Posters – Fun, vibrant, and full of energy. Wrap-Up: Posters Stores Are the Unsung Heroes of Design Posters stores are more than just places to grab cheap prints—they’re treasure troves of creativity. Head to your nearest posters store or explore one online, and turn your walls into visual storytelling tools. Have a look at my homepage: <a href="https://www.posterhud.com" rel="nofollow ugc">living room posters</a>

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